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  <h2 class="deck">
  
    This document describes Django version 1.0. For development documentation, 
    <a href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/options/">go here</a>.
  
  </h2>
  <div class="section" id="s-model-meta-options">
<span id="s-ref-models-options"></span><span id="model-meta-options"></span><span id="ref-models-options"></span><h1>Model <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Meta</span></tt> options<a class="headerlink" href="#model-meta-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This document explains all the possible <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/topics/db/models/#meta-options"><em>metadata options</em></a>  that you can give your model in its internal
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class</span> <span class="pre">Meta</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-available-meta-options">
<span id="available-meta-options"></span><h2>Available <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Meta</span></tt> options<a class="headerlink" href="#available-meta-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="s-abstract">
<span id="abstract"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">abstract</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#abstract" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.abstract">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.abstract]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">abstract</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.abstract" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>If <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, this model will be an <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/topics/db/models/#abstract-base-classes"><em>abstract base class</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-db-table">
<span id="db-table"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_table</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#db-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.db_table">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.db_table]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">db_table</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.db_table" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>The name of the database table to use for the model:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">db_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'music_album'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-id1">
<span id="s-table-names"></span><span id="id1"></span><span id="table-names"></span><h4>Table names<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
<p>To save you time, Django automatically derives the name of the database table
from the name of your model class and the app that contains it. A model's
database table name is constructed by joining the model's "app label" -- the
name you used in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">manage.py</span> <span class="pre">startapp</span></tt> -- to the model's class name, with an
underscore between them.</p>
<p>For example, if you have an app <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bookstore</span></tt> (as created by
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">manage.py</span> <span class="pre">startapp</span> <span class="pre">bookstore</span></tt>), a model defined as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class</span> <span class="pre">Book</span></tt> will have
a database table named <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bookstore_book</span></tt>.</p>
<p>To override the database table name, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_table</span></tt> parameter in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class</span> <span class="pre">Meta</span></tt>.</p>
<p>If your database table name is an SQL reserved word, or contains characters that
aren't allowed in Python variable names -- notably, the hyphen -- that's OK.
Django quotes column and table names behind the scenes.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-db-tablespace">
<span id="db-tablespace"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_tablespace</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#db-tablespace" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.db_tablespace">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.db_tablespace]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">db_tablespace</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.db_tablespace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/releases/1.0/#releases-1-0"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<p>The name of the database tablespace to use for the model. If the backend doesn't
support tablespaces, this option is ignored.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-get-latest-by">
<span id="get-latest-by"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_latest_by</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#get-latest-by" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.get_latest_by">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.get_latest_by]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">get_latest_by</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.get_latest_by" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>The name of a <a title="django.db.models.DateField" class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.DateField"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateField</span></tt></a> or <a title="django.db.models.DateTimeField" class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.DateTimeField"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateTimeField</span></tt></a> in the model. This
specifies the default field to use in your model <a title="django.db.models.Manager" class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Manager</span></tt></a>'s
<tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">latest</span></tt> method.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">get_latest_by</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"order_date"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See the docs for <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">latest()</span></tt> for more.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-order-with-respect-to">
<span id="order-with-respect-to"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">order_with_respect_to</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#order-with-respect-to" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.order_with_respect_to">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.order_with_respect_to]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">order_with_respect_to</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.order_with_respect_to" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Marks this object as "orderable" with respect to the given field. This is almost
always used with related objects to allow them to be ordered with respect to a
parent object. For example, if an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Answer</span></tt> relates to a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Question</span></tt> object,
and a question has more than one answer, and the order of answers matters, you'd
do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Answer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">question</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c"># ...</span>

    <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Meta</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="n">order_with_respect_to</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'question'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-ordering">
<span id="ordering"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ordering</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ordering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.ordering">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.ordering]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">ordering</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.ordering" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>The default ordering for the object, for use when obtaining lists of objects:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">ordering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'-order_date'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is a tuple or list of strings. Each string is a field name with an optional
"-" prefix, which indicates descending order. Fields without a leading "-" will
be ordered ascending. Use the string "?" to order randomly.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Regardless of how many fields are in <a title="django.db.models.Options.ordering" class="reference internal" href="#django.db.models.Options.ordering"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">ordering</span></tt></a>, the admin
site uses only the first field.</p>
</div>
<p>For example, to order by a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pub_date</span></tt> field ascending, use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">ordering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'pub_date'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To order by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pub_date</span></tt> descending, use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">ordering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'-pub_date'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To order by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pub_date</span></tt> descending, then by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">author</span></tt> ascending, use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">ordering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'-pub_date'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'author'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-permissions">
<span id="permissions"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#permissions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.permissions">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.permissions]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">permissions</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.permissions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Extra permissions to enter into the permissions table when creating this object.
Add, delete and change permissions are automatically created for each object
that has <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">admin</span></tt> set. This example specifies an extra permission,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">can_deliver_pizzas</span></tt>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">permissions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="s">"can_deliver_pizzas"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Can deliver pizzas"</span><span class="p">),)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is a list or tuple of 2-tuples in the format <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(permission_code,</span>
<span class="pre">human_readable_permission_name)</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-unique-together">
<span id="unique-together"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unique_together</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#unique-together" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.unique_together">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.unique_together]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">unique_together</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.unique_together" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Sets of field names that, taken together, must be unique:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">unique_together</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="s">"driver"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"restaurant"</span><span class="p">),)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is a list of lists of fields that must be unique when considered together.
It's used in the Django admin and is enforced at the database level (i.e., the
appropriate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UNIQUE</span></tt> statements are included in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></tt>
statement).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/releases/1.0/#releases-1-0"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<p>For convenience, unique_together can be a single list when dealing with a single
set of fields:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">unique_together</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"driver"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"restaurant"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-verbose-name">
<span id="verbose-name"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verbose_name</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#verbose-name" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.verbose_name">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.verbose_name]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">verbose_name</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.verbose_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>A human-readable name for the object, singular:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">verbose_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"pizza"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If this isn't given, Django will use a munged version of the class name:
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CamelCase</span></tt> becomes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">camel</span> <span class="pre">case</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-verbose-name-plural">
<span id="verbose-name-plural"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verbose_name_plural</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#verbose-name-plural" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.db.models.Options.verbose_name_plural">
<!--[django.db.models.Options.verbose_name_plural]--><tt class="descclassname">Options.</tt><tt class="descname">verbose_name_plural</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.db.models.Options.verbose_name_plural" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>The plural name for the object:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">verbose_name_plural</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"stories"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If this isn't given, Django will use <a title="django.db.models.Options.verbose_name" class="reference internal" href="#django.db.models.Options.verbose_name"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">verbose_name</span></tt></a> + <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"s"</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>



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		<div id="content-related" class="sidebar">
		
  
    <h2>Contents</h2>
    
      <ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="">Model <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Meta</span></tt> options</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#available-meta-options">Available <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Meta</span></tt> options</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#abstract"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">abstract</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#db-table"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_table</span></tt></a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#id1">Table names</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#db-tablespace"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_tablespace</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#get-latest-by"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_latest_by</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#order-with-respect-to"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">order_with_respect_to</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#ordering"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ordering</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#permissions"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#unique-together"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unique_together</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#verbose-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verbose_name</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#verbose-name-plural"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verbose_name_plural</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

    
  
  
  
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